
Few concepts have shaped EU environmental law as profoundly as the polluter pays principle.
Despite its apparent simplicity, its implementation continues to raise a number of questions, such as who qualifies as the “polluter” and which mechanisms, from taxes to extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes, should be used to transfer the costs of environmental protection to those deemed responsible for the resulting impacts.
These questions are becoming increasingly relevant as the European Union relies on and is expected to further expand the use of extended producer responsibility schemes beyond their traditional role in waste management.







